Black Folk, Then and Now and the Late Du Bois' Marxist Dialectic.

This article analyzes W. E. B. Du Bois' 1939 work *Black Folk, Then and Now* (BFTN) through the lens of Marxist dialectics, arguing that Du Bois' late intellectual development and political commitments are deeply rooted in Marxist materialism and historical materialism. It highlights Du Bois' use of key Marxist categories such as totality, contradiction, and the dialectical relation of precondition and result to reinterpret race, racism, and capitalism as historically specific and interconnected modes of production shaped by capitalist social relations. The paper emphasizes Du Bois' conceptualization of racism as a particular mode of production that obscures class unity among racialized workers and underpins capitalist accumulation and imperialism, linking this to the emergence of fascism as a structural expression of capitalism's contradictions. Overall, the article situates BFTN as a significant, though understudied, Marxist dialectical analysis that challenges anti-communist and postmodernist readings, underscoring its importance for understanding Du Bois' revolutionary scholarship and the global history of racial capitalism.