Ensuring Gender-competent Responses to Conflict-related Male Sexual Violence in Russia's Aggression against Ukraine: Conflict-related Male Sexual Violence in Russia's Aggression against Ukraine.

This article focuses on conflict-related male sexual violence (CRMSV) committed during Russia's ongoing aggression against Ukraine and examines how international criminal law (ICL) and broader redress mechanisms can support Ukraine's gender-sensitive and intersectional responses. It traces the evolution of CRMSV in international law and jurisprudence, highlights patterns of CRMSV since Russia's initial 2014 aggression and the full-scale invasion in 2022, and assesses Ukraine's domestic legal framework and reparations efforts. The analysis emphasizes that CRMSV is deeply gendered, interconnected with violence against women and LGBTQI+ persons, and often obscured by stereotypes and legal gaps, underscoring the need for nuanced prosecution, survivor-centered reparations, and inclusive transitional justice. Addressing CRMSV alongside conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) against all victims can foster broader societal transformations in Ukraine's post-conflict recovery and promote equality beyond entrenched gender binaries.