The Monroe Doctrine in the Americas: Towards a Hemispheric Intellectual History.

Article One stated: "Every nation has the right to exist, and to protect and to conserve its existence; but this right neither implies the right nor justifies the act of the state to protect itself or to conserve its existence by the commission of unlawful acts against innocent and unoffending states." He was explicit about his fervent opposition to the Monroe Doctrine and Pan-Americanism, for he stressed: "my purpose is to contribute to the formation of the history of North-American imperialism", and thus these "notes can be useful for the political and diplomatic history of America and the understanding of applied Pan-Americanism."[54] He argued that the Monroe Doctrine operated as an elastic and flexible principle, consolidating the United States's exceptional role on the continent, as a nation that committed to certain international legal values and institutions and at the same time violated them. He affirmed that the Monroe Doctrine "should be enacted and covenanted among all the nations of the continent that the territory of the American nations is no longer a subject for conquest whether from within or from without the continent", since "Pan-Americanism - the real, the genuine - rests primarily upon the Monroe Doctrine."[35] All in all, the outbreak of World War I and Wilson's Pan-American Pact contributed to popularizing Pan-American approaches to the Monroe Doctrine across the Americas. [Extracted from the article]