Dietary approaches for controlling cancer by limiting the Warburg effect: a review.

This article focuses on dietary strategies targeting the Warburg effect, a metabolic alteration in cancer cells characterized by increased glucose uptake and lactate production despite oxygen availability. It reviews various dietary interventions—including calorie restriction (CR), calorie restriction mimetics (CRMs), fasting (including time-restricted eating, TRE), ketogenic diet (KD), fructose restriction, mannose supplementation, protein/amino acid restriction, and alkaline diets—and their potential to modulate cancer metabolism and improve treatment outcomes. While some clinical and preclinical evidence suggests these diets may enhance conventional therapies and reduce tumor progression by affecting glycolysis and related pathways, the article emphasizes the need for personalized approaches due to tumor heterogeneity and variable patient tolerance. Further research is required to clarify optimal regimens, safety, and efficacy across different cancer types.