the protective role of plant-derived proteins in Mediterranean diet against chronic non-communicable diseases.

This article reviews the protective role of plant-derived proteins within the traditional Mediterranean diet (Med diet) against chronic non-communicable diseases. The Med diet, originating from Southern Europe and characterized by high intake of vegetables, legumes, whole grains, nuts, fish, and extra virgin olive oil, emphasizes plant-based proteins while limiting animal protein consumption, particularly red meat. Plant proteins in this diet are associated with reduced risks of cardiovascular disease, colorectal cancer, type 2 diabetes, obesity, chronic kidney disease, and inflammatory bowel diseases, partly through modulation of gut microbiota composition and function. Additionally, the Med diet’s lower intake of animal proteins leads to reduced levels of branched-chain amino acids, which have been linked to metabolic disorders and cancer progression. Overall, adherence to the Med diet promotes gut eubiosis, reduces oxidative stress, and supports antihypertensive and antithrombotic effects, contributing to decreased incidence of multiple chronic diseases.