Atmospheric pressure-induced three-dimensional surface wave propagation in the compressible ocean: Effect of static compression.

This article focuses on developing a three-dimensional mathematical model for meteotsunami wave propagation in the ocean, incorporating atmospheric pressure waves, water compressibility, and static ocean compression. Using linearized potential flow theory and Laplace–Fourier transformations, the model simulates axisymmetric pressure waves generated by events such as volcanic eruptions, exemplified by the 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai eruption. The study compares compressible and incompressible ocean cases, highlighting the influence of compressibility and static compression on acoustic-gravity wave phase shifts and wave speeds. Validation against atmospheric pressure data from Kaitaia and deep-ocean tsunami measurements from a Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART) station shows good agreement for locked wave profiles, while discrepancies in traveling wave arrival times are attributed to variable ocean bathymetry. The work suggests further research incorporating variable depth, ocean bottom elasticity, and nonlinear effects to enhance model accuracy.