The effects of organic food on human health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies.

This systematic review examines the association between organic food intake and human health outcomes, including in vivo biomarkers, disease prevalence, and functional changes. Based on 50 studies (27 interventional and 23 observational), organic food consumption was consistently associated with reduced pesticide exposure biomarkers, indicating a beneficial correlation. Evidence showed no association between organic food intake and toxic metals or carotenoids in plasma, insufficient data on fatty acids in human milk, and inconsistent findings regarding serum parameters and antioxidant status. Observational data suggested a beneficial association between organic food consumption and overall disease outcomes, particularly lower body mass index (BMI) and obesity risk, though evidence for specific diseases such as cancer, allergy, and reproductive disorders remains insufficient. The review highlights the need for more long-term, controlled studies to clarify the health impacts of organic diets beyond pesticide exposure reduction.