The leakage field characteristics of a large hybrid electromagnetic pulse simulator.

This article focuses on the simulation and experimental investigation of the leakage field of a hybrid electromagnetic pulse (EMP) simulator with horizontal polarization, using the Finite Integration Technique (FIT) and numerical data fitting. The study analyzes the electric field distribution, far-field radiation patterns, and attenuation characteristics, revealing that the dominant radiation direction lies between 0° and 30°, with the horizontal polarization component (Ey) primarily contributing to the field in the xOz plane, while both Ey and the vertical component (Ez) are significant in the yOz plane. The research also evaluates safety distances based on the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines, determining occupational and public exposure limits around the simulator. Results highlight the effects of impedance mismatch and ground reflection on waveform distortion and emphasize the importance of adequate safety zones to protect personnel and the public during EMP testing.