Thermal improvement of the porous system through numerical solution of nanofluid under the existence of activation energy and Lorentz force.

Background: The important physical phenomenon under the action of microgravity is called Marangoni convection. This convection occurs due to the surface tension gradient of the interface, which has various applications, such as crystal growth melt. Objective: This research aims to explore the effects of heat radiation, heat generation, viscous dissipation, and activation energy on the Marangoni flow of nanofluids. The development of the mathematical model takes into account the activation energy and uniform liquid properties. The Darcy–Forchheimer model is also used to emphasize the influence of porous media parameters. Method: The numerical algorithm of the shooting method based on Newton's Raphson method is developed in MATLAB and used to find the numerical solution of the obtained equations. Findings: The temperature field is enhanced by thermophoresis parameters, Brownian motion parameters, Schmitt number, and magnetic number, but decreases in the range where the Marangoni ratio increases. The Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are increased and decreased via the Marangoni ratio parameter, respectively. Research gap: The numerical solution of the Marangoni flow of nanofluids in a porous medium under the effects of heat radiation, heat generation, viscous dissipation, and activation energy was not discussed before. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]