Development of a 3 MV coaxial peaking capacitor for large-scale electromagnetic pulse simulator.

This article focuses on the design, testing, and insulation performance evaluation of a 180 pF, 3 MV coaxial peaking capacitor used in high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (EMP) simulators with fast front pulse output. The study employs dielectric film extension to reduce the background electric field along the flashover path, enhancing insulation and enabling stable operation at voltages of 3.0 MV or higher, with potential operation above 3.7 MV if flashover at the pulse tail is tolerated. Insulation status is comprehensively assessed through combined direct measurements using a D-dot probe and indirect analysis of waveforms from the Marx generator and radiation field, improving diagnostic reliability. Post-test examination reveals that flashover primarily occurs along parallel electric fields on the film surface but causes limited damage, supporting the effectiveness of the extended dielectric design in improving flashover voltage and advancing EMP simulation technology.