MAIN MODELS FOR ENSURING HUMAN RIGHTS AND RESTORATIVE JUSTICE UNDER EXTRAORDINARY LEGAL REGIMES.

This study aimed to identify and analyse key mechanisms and essential safeguards for ensuring human rights with a particular focus on the principles of restorative justice. These mechanisms include measures mandated by international law, such as minimising restrictions on rights and providing compensation for violations. To achieve this aim, legal, comparative, and systematization analyses were employed, enabling an in-depth examination of the legal framework and mechanisms implemented in Ukraine, Israel, and Georgia. The main findings include the systematization of international and national legal acts regulating human rights during emergency situations, particularly under martial law. The study examined key Ukrainian and international documents guaranteeing the protection of citizens' rights in times of crisis and conducted a comparative analysis of human rights protection models in Ukraine, Israel, and Georgia. This approach allowed for the identification of common and distinctive aspects of legal regulation in these countries, particularly restorative justice mechanisms that aim to repair harm and restore dignity during crises. The comparative analysis demonstrates that the protection of human rights under extraordinary conditions depends on the effective implementation and enforcement of legal frameworks, and can be strengthened through harmonization of national legislation with international legal standards. Although national legislation establishes mechanisms for the protection of rights, their actual enforcement may differ, revealing a gap between formal legal assurances and practical implementation. Key mechanisms and institutions ensuring the protection of citizens' rights in emergencies, especially during martial law, have been identified, providing a foundation for enhancing the national legal system to uphold human rights in times of crisis. This article contends that although emergency laws are intended to safeguard human rights, heir application often deviates from the established legal assurances, resulting in both challenges and opportunities for restorative justice systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]