The White View of Black America: Three Forms of Prejudice.

This paper analyzes contemporary racial attitudes of white American adults toward Black Americans using data from the General Social Surveys (2000–2016) and latent class analysis to classify these attitudes into four distinct groups. The findings indicate that 55.6 percent of white respondents express overtly racist views consistent with deeply essentialist beliefs about racial inequality, supporting Feagin's theory of the "white racial frame," which posits that enduring, systemic racist perspectives remain pervasive in U.S. society. Approximately 34.6 percent hold covert or laissez-faire racist attitudes opposing affirmative action while attributing Black disadvantage to lack of effort or education, and only about 9.8 percent consistently express anti-racist views supporting affirmative action and recognizing discrimination as a primary cause of racial inequality. The study highlights the persistence of both overt and subtle racism among the majority of white Americans, while identifying a small but significant minority who adopt a progressive racial frame.