Law Making Activities during Lame Duck Sessions in Indonesia (1997–2020).

This article examines the phenomenon of lawmaking during Indonesia's lame duck sessions—periods after general elections when outgoing legislators remain in office before new members are sworn in—between 1997 and 2020. It finds that legislative productivity significantly increases during these short sessions, often passing numerous laws rapidly and with limited public participation, which has led to public protests and frequent judicial reviews at the Constitutional Court. Empirical analysis indicates that laws passed in lame duck sessions, particularly those aligned with the National Legislation Program (Prolegnas), tend to have a negative correlation with economic growth. The study highlights concerns about weakened legitimacy and accountability of lawmakers during these sessions, noting that both the House of Representatives (DPR) and the President have exploited this period to advance political and vested interests without clear legal restrictions.