Late Fascism and/or Disaster Nationalism.

The article examines the works of Alberto Toscano and Richard Seymour, who analyze the resurgence of fascism and ultranationalism in contemporary politics, framing it as a response to a global rightward shift. Toscano's "Late Fascism" emphasizes the historical complexities of fascism, arguing against simplistic analogies and viewing it as a process intertwined with capitalist democracies. In contrast, Seymour's "Disaster Nationalism" focuses on nationalism's role in shaping current political sentiments, suggesting that it serves as a precursor to fascism by channeling societal anxieties and grievances. Both authors reject economic determinism, instead highlighting the importance of emotional and ideological factors in understanding the rise of the far right. The article ultimately calls for a nuanced approach to anti-fascism that recognizes the interplay of class consciousness and the irrational forces driving contemporary political movements. [Extracted from the article]