Bloody Flag of Anarchy: Unionism in South Carolina during the Nullification Crisis/True Blue: White Unionists in the Deep South during the Civil War and Reconstruction.

The article reviews two recent scholarly works that explore southern Unionism, focusing on white southerners who remained loyal to the United States during periods of intense regional conflict. Brian C. Neumann’s *Bloody Flag of Anarchy* examines Unionist opposition to the nullification crisis in 1830s South Carolina, highlighting their political activism and fears of disunion amid anxieties over slavery and revolutionary unrest. Clayton J. Butler’s *True Blue* studies white Unionists in the Deep South during the Civil War and Reconstruction, particularly those who fought in Federal regiments, emphasizing their complex loyalties that supported the Union while generally upholding white supremacist views. Together, these works reveal continuities in southern Unionist ideology rooted in Revolutionary principles and political moderation, despite their marginalization and persecution. The article also briefly discusses *The Oxford Handbook of the American Civil War*, which advocates an interdisciplinary "war and society" approach to Civil War military history.