China's 2024 Energy Law: an integrated approach to energy security.

This article analyzes China's 2024 Energy Law through the lens of four dimensions of energy security: availability, accessibility, affordability, and acceptability. As China's first comprehensive energy legislation, the law integrates previously fragmented sector-specific regulations to address challenges such as climate change, energy supply stability, market reform, and consumer protection. Key provisions promote diversification of energy sources, infrastructure modernization, market-oriented pricing with anti-monopoly measures, and environmental sustainability aligned with China's carbon neutrality goals. The law balances competing priorities by advancing renewable energy integration while maintaining fossil fuel use as a transitional safeguard, establishing strategic reserves, and ensuring equitable energy access across regions. Its implementation will be critical in shaping China's domestic energy future and influencing global energy governance amid ongoing tensions between market liberalization, state control, and technological innovation.