Validation of a Questionnaire to Assess the Impact of Simulator-Based Learning on Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Bovine Reproductive Veterinary Education.

This study focused on validating a questionnaire designed to measure veterinary students' satisfaction and self-confidence following high-fidelity clinical simulation training in bovine reproductive diagnostic techniques. Using a sample of 70 veterinary students from the Complutense University of Madrid, the questionnaire demonstrated good reliability and construct validity after refinement, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.753 and improved fit indices in a bifactorial model assessing "Satisfaction with Teaching" and "Confidence in Oneself Regarding Simulation Learning." While students generally reported positive perceptions of the simulation experience, some reservations remained about their confidence in performing specific diagnostic techniques. The findings highlight the value of simulator-based learning as a complementary educational tool in veterinary medicine and suggest that incorporating enhancements, such as integrated ultrasound imaging, could further improve student confidence and learning outcomes.