Risk management in the beverage production industry using FMEA and fuzzy cognitive map in an uncertain environment.

This article focuses on improving risk assessment in the malt beverage production industry by integrating Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) with Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCM) in a multi-stage approach. Traditional FMEA methods assess risks independently and often yield repetitive rankings, limiting their accuracy and practical utility. The proposed hybrid method incorporates expert-identified causal relationships between risks and accounts for uncertainty, resulting in a more precise prioritization of 90 identified risks across six production stages. Comparative analysis shows that the combined FMEA-FCM approach reduces duplicate risk rankings and aligns more closely with expert judgment than conventional FMEA or GRA-FMEA (Gray Relational Analysis-enhanced FMEA) methods. The study also provides targeted preventive measures for critical risks, aiming to enhance product quality and consumer health in the malt beverage industry.