Spanish Translation, Validation, and Factor Structure of the Religious/Spiritual Struggles Scale With Puerto Rican Adults.

This article focuses on the translation, adaptation, and psychometric evaluation of the Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale (RSS Scale) from English to Spanish for use with Puerto Rican adults. The study with 225 participants confirmed the six-factor structure of the original 26-item scale, resulting in a reliable 25-item Spanish version that demonstrated excellent internal consistency, convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity. The RSS Scale measures six dimensions of religious/spiritual struggles—Divine, Demonic, Interpersonal, Ultimate Meaning, Moral, and Doubt—and showed significant correlations with negative religious coping and religiosity, supporting its use in both research and clinical settings in Puerto Rico. Limitations include a non-random, predominantly Christian sample and lack of test–retest reliability assessment, suggesting the need for further validation across diverse religious groups and clinical populations.