Introduction to Philosophy of Science.

This article provides an overview of Leônidas Hegenberg's book *Introduction to Philosophy of Science*, which analyzes science as a form of discourse aimed at problem-solving through explanations classified as deductive, probabilistic, teleological, and genetic. Hegenberg defines scientific activity as a process involving problem formulation, model construction, testing, deduction, and implementation, emphasizing the logical validity of scientific arguments rather than the truth of scientific statements. The book explores distinctions among branches of science—physical, biological, and social—highlighting challenges such as the role of causality in quantum mechanics, the nomothetic-idiographic divide between general and unique explanations, and the conceptual difference between scientific laws and theories. While the psychological sciences receive limited attention, the work is noted for its rigorous, philosophical approach to the structure and limits of scientific explanation, contributing a significant perspective within Brazilian literature on the philosophy of science.