Perceptions of leaders toward inclusion of children with neurodevelopmental disorders in spiritual formation programs: A case of Christ Is The Answer Ministries in Kenya.

This study examines the perceptions of leaders in six selected worship congregations of Kenya's Christ Is The Answer Ministries (CITAM) regarding the inclusion of children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in spiritual formation programs. Using a Straussian grounded-theory qualitative design, the research found that inclusive spiritual formation for children with NDDs is largely absent due to leaders’ beliefs that these children do not understand, learn, or fit into traditional worship and educational settings. The study highlights varying attitudes among leaders, ranging from segregation and limited integration to full inclusion, and emphasizes that exclusionary perceptions contribute to the marginalization of children with NDDs in faith communities. It recommends comprehensive training for worship congregational leaders, Sunday school teachers, and parents to foster inclusive spiritual formation practices that accommodate the diverse needs of children with NDDs.