Psychological torture: definitions, clinical sequelae and treatment principles.

Psychological torture, in its broadest sense, is the intentional infliction of suffering without resorting to direct physical violence, in what is known as 'no-touch' torture. While several other definitions of psychological torture have been suggested, there is no one precise definition. Given the rapidly evolving current global political climate and the intensification of conflict, war and asylum seeking, the need for better recognition of psychological torture among clinicians, followed by the provision of appropriate treatment support for victims, has become increasingly pertinent. This article raises awareness of the concept of psychological torture among clinicians, through an overview of its debated definitions, the modalities which constitute this form of torture, and its clinical sequelae and treatment approach.