Development and evaluation of health education resources for culturally and linguistically diverse populations: a systematic review.

This article systematically reviews the development and evaluation of health education resources designed for culturally and linguistically diverse (CaLD) populations, primarily in high-income countries including Australia, the United States, and Canada. It analyzes 34 peer-reviewed studies describing 24 resources—categorized as media campaigns, print materials, films, and radio—assessing them against adapted New Zealand health literacy guidelines focused on need, collaboration, audience consultation, health literacy, theory, pretesting, and evaluation. Findings indicate that most resources incorporated community collaboration and health literacy considerations, reported positive outcomes, but often lacked rigorous pretesting and consistent use of behavioral theory or comprehensive evaluation designs. The review highlights the importance of culturally tailored, theory-informed, and pretested health education resources with robust evaluation to effectively address health literacy and improve health outcomes among CaLD populations.