Isoxazolines for treating canine and feline otodectic mange; feline demodicosis, lynxacariasis, lice infestation, and notoedric mange (scabies); demodicosis in hamsters; and sarcoptic and psoroptic manges in rabbits.

This article reviews the clinical use of isoxazoline parasiticides—specifically afoxolaner, esafoxolaner, fluralaner, lotilaner, and sarolaner—in Canada for treating various external and cutaneous parasitic infestations in small animals. Isoxazolines have demonstrated high efficacy and safety in treating canine and feline otodectic mange (caused by Otodectes cynotis), feline demodicosis, lynxacariasis, lice infestation, notoedric mange (scabies), demodicosis in hamsters, and sarcoptic and psoroptic mange in rabbits, often with a single or limited number of doses. The article summarizes controlled studies and case reports supporting these treatments, noting minimal adverse effects and emphasizing adherence to labeled dosages and veterinary supervision due to potential side effects such as vomiting or neurological signs. Regional differences in drug availability and licensing are highlighted, and recommended dosing regimens for each condition are provided based on current evidence.