C-type two-thermocouple sensor design between 1000 and 1700 °C.

The article focuses on the design and system identification of a C-type two-thermocouple method for transient temperature measurement in ultra-high-temperature environments, specifically targeting boron-containing warm-pressure explosives. It addresses the inconsistency issues of single thermocouples by employing a blind system identification approach based on the cross-relation (CR) algorithm and introduces a new noise-resistant cost function optimized via gradient descent. Experimental validation using a high-temperature furnace demonstrates that two-thermocouples composed of different wire diameters but the same exposure length yield more accurate temperature reconstructions, with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.0162 and a goodness of fit (FIT) of 89.13%. The study confirms the feasibility and improved performance of this two-thermocouple system for dynamic temperature measurement and correction in harsh, high-vibration, and high-impact conditions.