Improving the language of migratory bird science in North America.

The article focuses on improving the precision of language used in the science of Nearctic–Neotropical migratory birds in North America. It highlights that the term “North America” is often incorrectly limited to the United States and Canada, whereas it should encompass the entire continent from the Arctic to Panama. The authors argue that terms such as “wintering,” “over-wintering,” “spring migration,” and “fall migration” are inaccurate for many migratory species because these terms are based on temperate zone seasons, which do not apply to the tropical and southern regions where these birds spend much of their annual cycle. They recommend replacing “wintering” and “over-wintering” with “nonbreeding,” and substituting “spring” and “fall” migration with “pre-breeding,” “post-breeding,” or “post-natal” migration to better reflect ecological realities. This refined terminology aims to enhance scientific accuracy, foster inclusivity among researchers across the Americas, and improve communication about migratory bird conservation.