Evidence for the Predator Attraction Hypothesis in an amphibian predator–prey system.

This article investigates the Predator Attraction Hypothesis as a mechanism for the evolution and maintenance of chemical alarm cues in amphibians, focusing on interactions between wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) tadpoles and their predator, tiger salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium). Two experiments demonstrated that experienced salamanders are attracted to tadpole alarm cues and that the presence of multiple salamanders leads to increased attack speed but decreased accuracy, resulting in higher tadpole escape rates. Although increased escape did not translate into greater survival in the experimental arena, likely due to its small size and lack of refugia, the findings support the idea that alarm cues may function to attract additional predators, causing interference that benefits prey. The study highlights the need for further research in more naturalistic settings and consideration of alternative hypotheses such as immuno-defence in the evolution of alarm cues.