Translocations, rising populations, and phylogeographic consequences: genomic implications for conservation of introduced Aoudad (Ammotragus lervia) in the southwestern United States.

This article focuses on the genetic diversity, population structure, and management implications of free-ranging Aoudad (Ammotragus lervia) populations in Texas, which have expanded rapidly following over 70 years of human-mediated translocations. Using double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) on 73 individuals from Texas, California, and New Mexico, the study identified phylogeographic structuring into multiple genetic clusters with evidence of isolation by distance and migration barriers within Texas. The research revealed discordance between mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and nuclear genotypes, suggesting that current subspecific classifications of Aoudad require revision. Given the species' vulnerable status in its native northern African range and its potential negative impacts on native ungulates such as Bighorn Sheep through competition and disease transmission, the authors recommend management strategies that preserve unique genetic units while mitigating ecological harm in Texas.