Design method of small-scale model of long-span steel structures based on copper.

This article focuses on establishing and validating similarity relationships for small-scale models of large-span steel structures fabricated from copper, addressing challenges posed by differences in mechanical properties between copper and prototype steel materials. Using dimensional and equation-based analyses, the study derives formulas for key performance indicators such as mass density, force, moment, displacement, and vibration period, with validation through finite element analysis on a 1:20 scale copper model of a steel spherical reticulated shell. The research highlights the necessity of mass compensation—preferably applied at both ends and midpoints of members—to improve static and dynamic similarity, and recommends welding and adhesive bonding as effective methods for connecting copper members and attaching compensating masses. Overall, the findings provide a theoretical and practical framework for designing and fabricating copper-based scaled models that accurately replicate the mechanical behavior of large-span steel structures.