Anatomical Approach for the Evaluation of the Nipple–Areolar Complex.

This article focuses on the anatomy, imaging evaluation, and pathology of the nipple–areolar complex (NAC), emphasizing its unique anatomical features and the challenges in diagnosing related abnormalities. It reviews the use of mammography, ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for NAC assessment, highlighting the importance of clinical examination alongside imaging to detect benign and malignant conditions. The article categorizes NAC pathologies by anatomical origin—skin, ductal/epithelial, and extraductal—and discusses common benign and malignant diseases, including Paget's disease, ductal carcinoma in situ, and invasive carcinomas. It underscores the need for optimized imaging techniques and follow-up protocols, particularly in cases of pathological nipple discharge or suspicious nipple changes, to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.