Multiscale adaptive management of social–ecological systems.

This article focuses on the development and application of a multiscale adaptive management framework for social–ecological systems (SESs), integrating adaptive management with the panarchy model to address challenges posed by spatial and temporal scales and cross-scale interactions. Using case studies of Eastern red cedar invasion in the Great Plains and common reed invasion in the Platte River Basin, both in the United States, the framework emphasizes the need to consider multiple scales and stakeholder priorities to effectively manage complex SES dynamics and regime shifts. The approach advocates iterative management informed by multiscale monitoring, modeling, and stakeholder engagement, highlighting the importance of accounting for trade-offs and nonstationarity in SES governance. The article also underscores the potential of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence to enhance multiscale assessment and adaptive management in the context of accelerating environmental change.