Exploring Cybercrime Capabilities: Variations Among Cybercrime Investigative Units.

This article analyzes organizational variations among U.S. cybercrime units, focusing on how digital forensics responsibilities are assigned and the disparities in resources such as funding, tools, and training. Based on semi-structured interviews with 47 sworn cybercrime detectives, civilian digital forensics analysts, and unit administrators, the study identifies five models of digital forensics assignment ranging from sworn officers exclusively handling forensics to outsourcing these tasks or having separate forensic labs. Resource availability varies significantly across units, often influenced by agency size and participation in task forces like the Internet Crimes Against Children (ICAC) program, which can provide additional funding and training. The findings highlight policy considerations regarding recruitment and retention of personnel, the balance between sworn and civilian roles in digital forensics, and the critical role of task forces in mitigating resource constraints. The study concludes with propositions for future research to systematically examine how these organizational differences affect investigative outcomes and resource distribution.