Evaluating the Key TQM Principles for Effective Implementation Using a Hybrid ISM-DEMATEL Approach.

Total Quality Management (TQM) implementation in an organization is a complex process that involves certain principles focusing on the constructs crucial to the business of an organization. Some of these principles are found to have a direct relationship with human behavior and thus can be said to be crucial for quality culture in an organization. This study recognizes 12 TQM principles from the literature review and expert consultation that are critical to TQM and a structural model of TQM is built with the help of Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). Further, the relative influential strength of the identified TQM principles along with their categorization in cause and effect is carried out using the Decision-Making Trial And Evaluation Laboratory Technique (DEMATEL) approach. In the ISM-DEMATEL-based hybrid approach, Policy Management (PM), Daily Work Management (DWM), Cross-Functional Management (CFM), and Human Resource Management (HRM) have emerged as the "Cause". Among these, PM tops the rank in relative influential strength with a value of 5.362, followed by DWM, CFM, and HRM with values of 5.173, 5.122, and 4.551. The other TQM principles like Quality Management (QM), Cost Management (CM), Delivery Management (DM), New Product Development (NPD), Supplier Management (SUM), Manufacturing Management (MM), Dealer Management (DEM), and Customer Management (CUM) were emerged as "Effect". The principles that emerged as "Cause" were found to have a great impact on the principles that emerged as "Effect" and are essential to have successful implementation of TQM in an organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]