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RETRACTED: "Weak characters" easily shaped, or strong‐minded conscientious objectors impervious to change?

  • Published In: Peace & Change, 2026, v. 51, n. 1. P. e1 1 of 3

  • Database: Academic Search Ultimate 2 of 3

  • Authored By: Perkins, Gary 3 of 3

Abstract

Commentaries on the World War I history of the International Bible Students Association in their USA homeland usually feature decisions made by the movement's leadership and their subsequent arrest and prosecution, supposedly for conspiring to violate the Espionage Act and attempting to cause refusal of duty in the armed forces of the United States. In so doing, these neglect to consider the enthusiastic support and voices of their adherents. In contrast, and in response to Zoe Knox's April 2019 Peace & Change article, this study unmutes the voices of their conscientious objectors and proposes that their experiences were profoundly significant in shaping the movement over the following century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Additional Information

  • Source:Peace & Change. 2026/01, Vol. 51, Issue 1, pe1
  • Document Type:Correction Notice
  • Subject Area:Social Sciences and Humanities
  • Publication Date:2026
  • ISSN:0149-0508
  • DOI:10.1111/pech.12708
  • Accession Number:191631778
  • Copyright Statement:Copyright of Peace & Change is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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