Masculinity and violence in Kathmandu's Raw Barz rap battles on YouTube.

Existing research on global rap has extensively documented the creative appropriation of Western popular music and its potential for progressive politics. Little attention has been paid to exploring the less favorable aspect of this phenomenon — how rap can potentially perpetuate discriminatory societal ideologies. With this concern, the present study aims to examine the darker side of the genre, with a focus on free style rap battles. We present an analysis of representative lyrics and performances from rap battles that took place in Kathmandu, Nepal. In our analysis, we illustrate how the creative use of the language of pop culture, including embodiment, cultural metaphors and rap slang within these battles, serves to perpetuate ideologies related to misogyny, racism, and colorism. Many of these toxic ideologies are already deeply ingrained in Nepali society, while others, including racism, find their way into Nepal through the influence of global rap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]