Listening to Unlearn: Sarah Winnemucca's Testimony and the Reversal of Civilization Discourse.

The article focuses on Indigenous resistance to settler colonialism through the testimony of Sarah Winnemucca, a Nüümü (Northern Paiute) woman, and situates her 1883 text *Life Among the Piutes: Their Wrongs and Claims* within broader historical and contemporary contexts of the Federal Indian Boarding School System and civilization discourse. It highlights Winnemucca’s detailed firsthand account as a form of public testimony that deconstructs the savage/civilized dichotomy underpinning settler colonial violence, assimilation policies, and land dispossession in the nineteenth century. The article connects her work to ongoing efforts for acknowledgment, healing, and reparations, including recent investigations led by the U.S. Department of the Interior and political apologies, emphasizing the importance of listening ethically to Indigenous testimonies to support restorative justice and Indigenous sovereignty. It also underscores contemporary Indigenous-led initiatives in language revitalization, environmental restoration, and political advocacy as vital continuations of resistance against colonial legacies. [Extracted from the article]