Informing inclusive and affirmative hospital pharmacy services for 2SLGBTQ+ patients.

This article examines the barriers and facilitators experienced by Canadian hospital pharmacists in providing care to two-spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (2SLGBTQ+) patients, a population known to face significant health disparities. Using a mixed-methods design involving surveys and interviews, the study identified individual, interpersonal, and systemic challenges, including pharmacists' lack of proficiency and confidence in discussing 2SLGBTQ+ health topics, fear of causing harm, limited organizational support, and insufficient resources and training. While most pharmacists expressed willingness to offer inclusive care and recognized the importance of addressing these disparities, they highlighted the need for comprehensive education, supportive workplace cultures, accessible clinical resources, and leadership engagement to improve care quality for 2SLGBTQ+ individuals. The findings underscore the importance of institutional commitment to equity and the development of safe, affirming environments within hospital pharmacy practice.