A Matter of Reconciliation: General James Clark Strong Practices American Indian Law in Gilded-Age Buffalo.

The article focuses on the legal career of General James Clark Strong, a non-Indian attorney who practiced American Indian law in Buffalo during the Gilded Age, particularly his advocacy for the Hodinöhsö:ni' (Iroquois/Six Nations) and other Native American communities. Strong's significant contributions included representing the Seneca Nation in landmark cases regarding land rights and treaty violations, notably utilizing the federal Trade and Intercourse Acts to argue for the protection of tribal lands. Despite facing setbacks in major cases, his legal strategies influenced future litigation for Native American rights, establishing a legacy that resonated well into the twenty-first century. Strong's work exemplified a commitment to reconciliation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples, although he grappled with the prevailing views of his time that regarded Native Americans as a vanishing race. [Extracted from the article]