Modeling and analysis of Alpine skiing downhill based on the DPAS model considering four-way inhomogeneous environmental winds with digital twins at downhill course of the Beijing Olympic Winter Games.

This article focuses on the development and validation of the Downhill Process in Alpine Skiing (DPAS) model, which integrates Newtonian classical mechanics and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze the effects of inhomogeneous environmental winds on athletes’ downhill skiing performance. Using digital twins and CFD simulations of the Beijing Olympic Winter Games downhill course, the model captures wind speed and direction variations along the course and subdivides the downhill process into four phases—start-up acceleration, core acceleration, intermittent acceleration, and endurance sprint—each with proposed tactical strategies for performance improvement. The DPAS model demonstrates high accuracy in predicting completion times and velocity profiles under varying wind conditions, highlighting the significant influence of environmental wind on skiing dynamics. The study suggests that the DPAS framework can be applied to other Alpine skiing disciplines and used to enhance athlete training, competition preparation, and injury prevention.