Numerical investigation and passive control of dust pollution on a minivan.

This article focuses on the numerical investigation of dust pollution mechanisms on a minivan’s sidewalls and rear surfaces using a discrete phase model (DPM) approach. The study identifies the pressure difference inside and outside the wheel cavities as a key factor causing sidewall dust accumulation, affecting about 40% of the sidewall area, while a large negative pressure zone at the rear leads to widespread but low-concentration dust pollution. Aerodynamic modifications—including wheel deflectors, wheel cavity baffles, mudguards, rear diffusers, and roof deflectors—were evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing dust contamination and aerodynamic drag. Results show that wheel cavity baffles reduce sidewall dust pollution by approximately 48.98%, and roof deflectors decrease rear dust pollution by about 87.24%, with corresponding reductions in drag coefficients, highlighting the potential of aerodynamic devices to mitigate vehicle dust pollution.