New Findings in Sports Psychology Described from Liverpool John Moores University (The Influence of Mental Toughness On Responses To Feedback In Snooker: a Real-time Examination).

This article focuses on research conducted at Liverpool John Moores University in the United Kingdom examining the role of mental toughness (MT) in snooker players' responses to feedback during real-time performance. Using the MTQ48 questionnaire to measure MT, two experiments tested how deceptive and coach-delivered feedback affected players' break-off shots. Results indicated that negative feedback from a respected coach improved performance, while positive feedback impaired it, with the Life Control subscale of MTQ48 moderating these effects. The study suggests that constructive negative feedback may enhance performance in snooker, influenced by an athlete's mental toughness.