Femonationalism, gendered anti-Muslim racism and reproductive anxiety: Perspectives from the United Kingdom and Germany.

This article examines the paradox of liberal feminist support for right-wing and authoritarian populist parties in the United Kingdom and Germany, focusing on how anti-Muslim racism and gendered Islamophobia are normalized across the political spectrum. It highlights the fusion of anti-migrant and anti-Muslim discourses within a neo-nationalist turn that links narratives of integration to reproductive anxieties centered on whiteness and nationhood. The authors argue that liberal Islamophobia, which frames Muslim women as both oppressed and threatening, is instrumentalized by diverse political actors to justify exclusionary nationalism and control over migrant women's social and biological reproduction. An intersectional approach is advocated to understand how gender, race, and nationalism intersect differently in each national context, revealing the complicity of liberal politics in sustaining racialized and gendered nationalist ideologies.