Criminal Investigation Police University of China Reports Findings in Psychology and Psychiatry (Investigating hair cortisol dynamics in German Shepherd Dogs throughout pregnancy, lactation, and weaning phases, and its potential impact on the...).

This article focuses on research conducted in Liaoning, People's Republic of China, investigating physiological stress in female German Shepherd dogs (bitches) during pregnancy, lactation, and weaning by measuring hair cortisol concentrations (HCCs). The study found that maternal HCCs increased significantly during pregnancy and lactation, peaking during lactation, while puppies' HCCs rose notably during weaning. A moderate correlation existed between maternal and offspring cortisol levels during pregnancy and lactation, with larger litter sizes linked to higher maternal cortisol but not affecting puppies' cortisol. The research emphasizes the importance of enhanced care and environmental support for bitches and puppies during these stages to maintain their physiological and psychological health and improve animal welfare.