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Phocaea (ancient world)  — Research Starter

Phocaea, known today as Foça, is an ancient coastal city located in Ionia, on the western shores of Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey). Positioned near the northern entrance to the Gulf of Smyrna, Phocaea…

Phlius  — Research Starter

Phlius was the principal city of Phliasia, located in the Peloponnese region of southern Greece, near the confluence of several territories including Argolid and Achaea. Historically significant,…

Philosophiana  — Research Starter

Philosophiana refers to an ancient Roman market center located in a fertile valley in Sicily, approximately five miles south-southeast of Piazza Armerina. It was one of the largest Roman estates on…

Philippopolis (city of Trachonitis)  — Research Starter

Philippopolis, known as the city of Trachonitis, is an ancient site located in southwestern Syria, south of Damascus and west of the Sea of Galilee. This city is historically significant as the…

Philippopolis (ancient city in Thrace)  — Research Starter

Philippopolis, an ancient city located in Thrace (modern-day Bulgaria), is historically significant due to its strategic position on three rocky hills overlooking the river Hebrus (Maritza).…

Philippi  — Research Starter

Philippi, a historic city located in eastern Macedonia, Greece, was initially known as Crenides, meaning "Springs," and was inhabited by Thracians until its colonization by Thasos in 360 BC. It was…

Philadelphia (ancient city)  — Research Starter

Philadelphia, known in ancient times as Rabbath-Ammon, is an archaeological site located east of the Jordan River, near the Jabbok River. Its history dates back to the early Neolithic period, with…

Philadelphia (ancient city in Lydia)  — Research Starter

Philadelphia, an ancient city in Lydia, was strategically located on a plateau at the foot of Mount Tmolus in western Asia Minor. Established around 159–138 BC by King Attalus II Philadelphus of…

Pherae  — Research Starter

Pherae was an ancient city located in the region of Pelasgiotis in northeastern Greece, specifically on a spur of Mount Chalkedonion. Historically significant, it was associated with Greek mythology…

Phasis  — Research Starter

Phasis was an ancient Greek city located in Colchis, south of the Caucasus mountains, in present-day Georgia. It was named after the Phasis River, now known as the Rioni, which was historically…