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Malleability  — Research Starter

Malleability is a critical property of certain materials, particularly metals, that allows them to deform under compressive stress without breaking. This property is fundamentally linked to the…

Litmus Test  — Research Starter

The litmus test is a simple method used to determine the acidity or alkalinity of an aqueous solution based on the color change of litmus, a dye derived from lichens. Litmus is sensitive to pH levels,…

Lewis Structure and Diagram  — Research Starter

Lewis Structures and Lewis Dot Diagrams are visual representations used to depict the arrangement of valence electrons in atoms and their bonding interactions. Developed by chemist Gilbert N. Lewis in…

Isotopes  — Research Starter

Isotopes are variants of chemical elements that have the same number of protons but differing numbers of neutrons in their atomic nuclei. This variation in neutron count leads to differences in atomic…

Ions  — Research Starter

Ions are charged particles that can be either atoms or groups of atoms with an unequal number of protons and electrons, resulting in a net electrical charge. They come in two types: cations, which…

Inert Gases  — Research Starter

Inert gases, also known as noble gases, are a group of elements characterized by their full valence electron shells, which grant them exceptional stability and a low reactivity level. This group…

Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic  — Research Starter

Hydrophilic and hydrophobic are terms that describe how materials interact with water. Hydrophilic materials, meaning "water-loving," readily engage with water, often dissolving or wetting in its…

Half-Life  — Research Starter

Half-life is a scientific term that describes the time required for half of a given quantity of a material to undergo a process characterized by exponential decay. This concept is most commonly…

Functional Groups  — Research Starter

Functional groups are specific combinations of atoms within organic molecules that determine their chemical behavior and reactivity. Despite the vast diversity of organic compounds, the number of…