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Lampreys and hagfish  — Research Starter

Lampreys and hagfish are two groups of jawless fish that fall under the superclass Agnatha, distinguished from jawed vertebrates known as Gnathostomata. These creatures are considered significant to…

Lakes and rivers  — Research Starter

Lakes and rivers are vital components of Earth's freshwater ecosystems, each playing distinct but interconnected roles. Lakes are large bodies of water surrounded by land, often formed by glacial…

Horses and zebras  — Research Starter

Horses and zebras, both members of the Equidae family, exhibit numerous anatomical similarities, including hard hooves, strong spinal structures, and elongated heads. They belong to the genus Equus,…

Horns and antlers  — Research Starter

Horns and antlers are distinctive, hard growths found on the heads of many herbivorous mammals, playing significant roles in protection and social dynamics within species. True horns, primarily seen…

Grasslands and prairies  — Research Starter

Grasslands and prairies are expansive ecosystems characterized primarily by grass species, with sparse to moderate rainfall, distinguishing them from woodlands, deserts, and tundra. Found across…

Frogs and toads  — Research Starter

Frogs and toads are amphibians belonging to the order Anura, which encompasses over 5,000 species, making them the most abundant group of amphibians. They are characterized by their tailless bodies,…

Donkeys and mules  — Research Starter

Donkeys and mules are domesticated members of the horse family, known scientifically as Equidae. Donkeys, believed to be descendants of the African wild ass, have been utilized as pack animals and for…

Dolphins, porpoises, and other toothed whales  — Research Starter

Dolphins, porpoises, and other toothed whales, classified under the suborder Odontoceti within the order Cetacea, are a diverse group of marine mammals known for their distinct teeth and complex…

Dogs, wolves, and coyotes  — Research Starter

Dogs, wolves, and coyotes are all members of the Canidae family, which encompasses a diverse range of carnivorous mammals. These species share a common ancestry, tracing back to the prehistoric…